It helps if you say what nationality you are!
Citizens of EU countries who have a national ID card can go just with that. Otherwise you need a passport, just like going to any foreign country. I'm guessing from your previous questions that you're British, in which case it costs ￡72.50 for a standard 32-page one and you DO need a passport because the UK doesn't issue national ID cards. But as you're British, the passport check in Amsterdam will just be a quick look to check the photo. EU citizens can go to other EU countries for as long as they like and nobody can stop you, so the Dutch immigration official who looks at your passport won't ask questions.
Go to a post office and ask for a passport application form. It comes in an envelope you can use to post it, and with a detailed leaflet explaining how to fill the form in. You do NOT necessarily have to fill in all sections of the form - check the leaflet to see what it says about that. This is because the form is designed to cover all possibilities of how you come to be British and maybe they won't all apply to you. You also need 2 face photos and the easiest way to get them of the right size is to use an automatic photo booth. Make sure you follow the instructions in the leaflet about photos, as getting this wrong is the most common reason passport applications get rejected. You also need one of the photos countersigned by a suitable person to say that it's really you https://www.gov.uk/countersigning-passpo... and they also need to fill in section 10 of the form. Then post the form with the 2 photos, the fee and proof that you're a British citizen. If both you and your mother were born in the UK, both of your birth certificates is the easiest proof. The leaflet explains what else you can send.
You will almost certainly be called for interview and this is to combat ID theft. They ask questions they can check from official records that only you or someone who knows you well would know the answers to. If all is fine, HM Passport Office reckon you should get your passport, and the certificates back, in 6 weeks from posting your form. They'll come in separate envelopes.
Renewing it when it expires is easier. Same thing again, you don't have to fill in section 4 of the form this time, send back the old passport instead of certificates, there is no need for an interview as they've already checked that you're genuine first time round, and no need for a countersignature unless you look radically different from the previous photo. And that should take 3 weeks unless you do it in the summer when everybody suddenly realises their passport has run out!
That depends on where you're from. You do need a passport from places like the US, Canada, Australia, the UK. Citizens of some European countries do not need a passport assuming they have a national ID. If you are from the US you can find passport information here: http://travel.state.gov/content/passport... . The cost is $110 plus a $25 execution fee and any additional fees for expedited service. You'd also need to pay for your passport photo that you need to include when you send in the application.
Of course you need a passport to fly outside of your own country - but if you are from certain EU countries, the government-issued identity card is an acceptable substitute.
No idea how much a passport would be in your country.
This depends on your nationality which you have not stated.
EU citizen of countries which issue national ID cards do not need a passport to travel to Amsterdam.
All others need one. How much it would be depends on your unknown nationality. A U.S. passport is $135, the UK one ￡72.50 or ￡81.25 with Check and Send Service.
You're American I suppose. Yes you need a passport, $140 or so. See http://travel.state.gov/content/passport...
