Theoretically, Ukraine can be taken within hours or even minutes. One lever rotation and it's dead (currently it's half dead):
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wvqITzyYGUk/Uy...
But, as you probably understand, practically it's not... well advantageous for Russia. As She'll lose lots of money along with half-dead EU consumers.
If we are talking about the overthrow of the current pseudo-government by force, then within hours as I've already mentioned. Unlike neurotic, unorganized, narrow-minded jWestern puppeteers, who overthrew Ukrainian govt this winter in such an unprofessional way, Russia would do that much "cleaner" as they say in Eastern Europe: much quicker and with as less corpses as possible. You see, we don't like à la hollywood-action-drama with rivers of blood they organize during every colour revolution... it's not Russia's style. Russia is an adult and wise country, while the U.S. is a spoiled child suffering from ADHD.
Yes, but Russia has not done so because it is not their goal to take over Ukraine. If it was their goal, Russia would have done so already.
If the US helps, you would have World War III. so please, don't even mention that!! :(
yes, Ukraine much smaller