In most states, a landlord can enter immediately for emergencies. For other issues, the general rule is 24 hour notice.
If a landlord suspects a tenant has died in the property, the law will generally be ok with him entering after phoning and knocking loudly and then announcing his presence as he opens the door. Odor and insect activity would generally be sufficient cause for emergency entry if death is suspected.
If the property is a crime scene, they need permission from the police.
Immediately.
They can enter whenever they like with notice.
The same day, unless the death is part of a criminal investigation.
when it start to stink bad